Throughout human history, sexual intimacy has required a partner. An unavoidable consequence of desire, procreation, and biology. Yet this central, and for many life-defining, character of human experience, is showing signs of radical change. A human partner is becoming less essential for either sex or relationships. Millions are turning to virtual partners. In a recent US survey, 28% admitted to an intimate or romantic relationship with an AI partner. Three in four adults own a sex toy. Sex with another human is in decline in all age groups across many nations, amongst singles and those with a partner. The biggest falls, up to 50%, are amongst those in relationships.  

Is this phenomenon a threat to individual happiness and social cohesion, which we urgently need to address? Might it be a factor in the almost universal decline in birth rates? Or should we welcome it as an escape from inadequate relationships and frustrated desire, offering a new future of independence and pleasure?

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